Noticing memory changes: when to see the GP

Normal ageing or something more?

Small slips are common as we get older. Losing the car keys, or reaching for a word that will not come, is usually nothing to worry about if daily life carries on as normal.

Big changes in memory are not normal at any age. Signs worth talking to a doctor about include:

• forgetting important things more and more often
• forgetting the names of people they know
• getting lost in places they know well
• finding it hard to follow a conversation
• trouble with familiar jobs, like paying bills or cooking a regular meal
• changes in mood or personality

It might not be dementia

Lots of things can affect memory and thinking, and some can be treated. These include:

• depression, stress or anxiety
• side effects of medicines, especially a new medicine or several at once
• infections
• thyroid problems or low vitamin levels, such as vitamin B12
• alcohol
• pain, ongoing illness or tiredness

Sudden confusion is different

If someone becomes confused over hours or days, it may be delirium. It is often caused by an illness such as an infection. Delirium is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) or go to the emergency department.

Raising it kindly

This can be a hard talk. Choose a calm time. Start with everyday things, then gently say what you have noticed. Ask open questions, such as whether they have been stressed or not sleeping well.

Suggest going to the GP together, so it feels like a shared step. Dementia Australia's free memory, mood and thinking checklist can help you both decide what to do next. It is not a test, just a guide.

Getting ready for the GP visit

Ask for a longer appointment. If the person agrees, go with them. Write down and bring the things below (the GP visit sheet has space for all of them):

• the changes you have noticed, when they started, and whether they are getting worse
• a list of all medicines, including vitamins and supplements
• past health problems, and any family history of memory problems
• your questions, and a pen to take notes

What the GP may do

There is no single test for dementia. The GP will talk with the person, do a physical check, and may ask some short memory and thinking questions (cognitive screening).

Blood and urine tests can check for things like infection, thyroid problems and low vitamins. Some people have a brain scan. A hearing check is worth asking about too, as hearing loss is one of the dementia risk factors that can be changed.

The GP may refer the person to a specialist, such as a geriatrician (a doctor for older people), or to a memory clinic. Getting answers can take more than one visit.

If it is dementia, knowing early means support, information and treatment can start sooner, and there is time to plan ahead.

Support for you, too

You do not need a diagnosis to ask for help. The National Dementia Helpline on 1800 100 500 is free, confidential and open 24 hours a day, every day. For health advice from a registered nurse at any time, call healthdirect on 1800 022 222.